Camera

new Camera()

The camera is defined by a position, orientation, and view frustum.

The orientation forms an orthonormal basis with a view, up and right = view x up unit vectors.

The viewing frustum is defined by 6 planes. Each plane is represented by a Cartesian4 object, where the x, y, and z components define the unit vector normal to the plane, and the w component is the distance of the plane from the origin/camera position.
Example:
// Create a camera looking down the negative z-axis, positioned at the origin,
// with a field of view of 60 degrees, and 1:1 aspect ratio.
var camera = new Cesium.Camera(scene);
camera.position = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
camera.direction = Cesium.Cartesian3.negate(Cesium.Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, new Cesium.Cartesian3());
camera.up = Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(Cesium.Cartesian3.UNIT_Y);
camera.frustum.fov = Cesium.Math.PI_OVER_THREE;
camera.frustum.near = 1.0;
camera.frustum.far = 2.0;
Demo:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 80

Members

staticCamera.DEFAULT_VIEW_FACTOR :Number

A scalar to multiply to the camera position and add it back after setting the camera to view the rectangle. A value of zero means the camera will view the entire Camera#DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE, a value greater than zero will move it further away from the extent, and a value less than zero will move it close to the extent.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 240

staticCamera.DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE :Rectangle

The default extent the camera will view on creation.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 232

constrainedAxis :Cartesian3

If set, the camera will not be able to rotate past this axis in either direction.
Default Value: undefined
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 178

defaultLookAmount :Number

The default amount to rotate the camera when an argument is not provided to the look methods.
Default Value: Math.PI / 60.0
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 158

defaultMoveAmount :Number

The default amount to move the camera when an argument is not provided to the move methods.
Default Value: 100000.0;
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 151

defaultRotateAmount :Number

The default amount to rotate the camera when an argument is not provided to the rotate methods.
Default Value: Math.PI / 3600.0
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 165

defaultZoomAmount :Number

The default amount to move the camera when an argument is not provided to the zoom methods.
Default Value: 100000.0;
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 172

direction :Cartesian3

The view direction of the camera.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 109

readonlydirectionWC :Cartesian3

Gets the view direction of the camera in world coordinates.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 615

frustum :Frustum

The region of space in view.
Default Value: PerspectiveFrustum()
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 141

heading :Number

Gets the camera heading in radians.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 656

readonlyinverseTransform :Matrix4

Gets the inverse camera transform.
Default Value: Matrix4.IDENTITY
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 539

readonlyinverseViewMatrix :Matrix4

Gets the inverse view matrix.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 571

maximumTranslateFactor :Number

The factor multiplied by the the map size used to determine where to clamp the camera position when translating across the surface. The default is 1.5. Only valid for 2D and Columbus view.
Default Value: 1.5
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 185

maximumZoomFactor :Number

The factor multiplied by the the map size used to determine where to clamp the camera position when zooming out from the surface. The default is 2.5. Only valid for 2D.
Default Value: 2.5
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 192

pitch :Number

Gets the camera pitch in radians.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 704

position :Cartesian3

The position of the camera.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 99

positionCartographic :Cartographic

Gets the Cartographic position of the camera, with longitude and latitude expressed in radians and height in meters. In 2D and Columbus View, it is possible for the returned longitude and latitude to be outside the range of valid longitudes and latitudes when the camera is outside the map.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 587

readonlypositionWC :Cartesian3

Gets the position of the camera in world coordinates.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 601
The right direction of the camera.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 127

readonlyrightWC :Cartesian3

Gets the right direction of the camera in world coordinates.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 643

roll :Number

Gets the camera roll in radians.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 759

tilt :Number

Gets or sets the camera tilt in radians.
Deprecated: true
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 733

readonlytransform :Matrix4

Gets the camera's reference frame. The inverse of this transformation is appended to the view matrix.
Default Value: Matrix4.IDENTITY
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 519

up :Cartesian3

The up direction of the camera.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 118

readonlyupWC :Cartesian3

Gets the up direction of the camera in world coordinates.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 629

readonlyviewMatrix :Matrix4

Gets the view matrix.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 555

Methods

cameraToWorldCoordinates(cartesian, result) → Cartesian4

Transform a vector or point from the camera's reference frame to world coordinates.
Name Type Description
cartesian Cartesian4 The vector or point to transform.
result Cartesian4 optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
The transformed vector or point.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1028

cameraToWorldCoordinatesPoint(cartesian, result) → Cartesian3

Transform a point from the camera's reference frame to world coordinates.
Name Type Description
cartesian Cartesian3 The point to transform.
result Cartesian3 optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
The transformed point.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1049

cameraToWorldCoordinatesVector(cartesian, result) → Cartesian3

Transform a vector from the camera's reference frame to world coordinates.
Name Type Description
cartesian Cartesian3 The vector to transform.
result Cartesian3 optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
The transformed vector.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1070

clone() → Camera

Returns a duplicate of a Camera instance.
Returns:
A new copy of the Camera instance.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2613

flyTo(options)

Flies the camera from its current position to a new position.
Name Type Description
options Object Object with the following properties:
Name Type Default Description
destination Cartesian3 | Rectangle The final position of the camera in WGS84 (world) coordinates or a rectangle that would be visible from a top-down view.
orientation Object optional An object that contains either direction and up properties or heading, pith and roll properties. By default, the direction will point towards the center of the frame in 3D and in the negative z direction in Columbus view or 2D. The up direction will point towards local north in 3D and in the positive y direction in Columbus view or 2D.
duration Number 3.0 optional The duration of the flight in seconds.
complete Camera~FlightCompleteCallback optional The function to execute when the flight is complete.
cancel Camera~FlightCancelledCallback optional The function to execute if the flight is cancelled.
endTransform Matrix4 optional Transform matrix representing the reference frame the camera will be in when the flight is completed.
convert Boolean true optional When true, the destination is converted to the correct coordinate system for each scene mode. When false, the destination is expected to be in the correct coordinate system.
Throws:
  • DeveloperError : If either direction or up is given, then both are required.
Example:
// 1. Fly to a position with a top-down view
viewer.camera.flyTo({
    destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-117.16, 32.71, 15000.0)
});

// 2. Fly to a Rectangle with a top-down view
viewer.camera.flyTo({
    destination : Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(west, south, east, north)
});

// 3. Fly to a position with an orientation using unit vectors.
viewer.camera.flyTo({
    destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.19, 46.25, 5000.0),
    orientation : {
        direction : new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.04231243104240401, -0.20123236049443421, -0.97862924300734),
        up : new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.47934589305293746, -0.8553216253114552, 0.1966022179118339)
    }
});

// 4. Fly to a position with an orientation using heading, pitch and roll.
viewer.camera.flyTo({
    destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.19, 46.25, 5000.0),
    orientation : {
        heading : Cesium.Math.toRadians(175.0),
        pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-35.0),
        roll : 0.0
    }
});
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2381

flyToBoundingSphere(boundingSphere, options)

Flys the camera to a location where the current view contains the provided bounding sphere.

The offset is heading/pitch/range in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the center of the bounding sphere. The heading and the pitch angles are defined in the local east-north-up reference frame. The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch angles are above the plane. Negative pitch angles are below the plane. The range is the distance from the center. If the range is zero, a range will be computed such that the whole bounding sphere is visible.

In 2D and Columbus View, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the target looking down. The height above the target will be the range. The heading will be aligned to local north.

Name Type Description
boundingSphere BoundingSphere The bounding sphere to view, in world coordinates.
options Object optional Object with the following properties:
Name Type Default Description
duration Number 3.0 optional The duration of the flight in seconds.
offset HeadingPitchRange optional The offset from the target in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target.
complete Camera~FlightCompleteCallback optional The function to execute when the flight is complete.
cancel Camera~FlightCancelledCallback optional The function to execute if the flight is cancelled.
endTransform Matrix4 optional Transform matrix representing the reference frame the camera will be in when the flight is completed.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2559

flyToRectangle(options, endTransform)

Flies the camera from its current position to a position where the entire rectangle is visible.
Name Type Description
options Object Object with the following properties:
Name Type Default Description
destination Rectangle The rectangle to view, in WGS84 (world) coordinates, which determines the final position of the camera.
duration Number 3.0 optional The duration of the flight in seconds.
complete Camera~FlightCompleteCallback optional The function to execute when the flight is complete.
cancel Camera~FlightCancelledCallback optional The function to execute if the flight is cancelled.
endTransform Matrix4 optional Transform matrix representing the reference frame the camera will be in when the flight is completed.
Deprecated: true
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2451

getMagnitude() → Number

Gets the magnitude of the camera position. In 3D, this is the vector magnitude. In 2D and Columbus view, this is the distance to the map.
Returns:
The magnitude of the position.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1516

getPickRay(windowPosition, result) → Object

Create a ray from the camera position through the pixel at windowPosition in world coordinates.
Name Type Description
windowPosition Cartesian2 The x and y coordinates of a pixel.
result Ray optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
Returns the Cartesian3 position and direction of the ray.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2143

getRectangleCameraCoordinates(rectangle, result) → Cartesian3

Get the camera position needed to view an rectangle on an ellipsoid or map
Name Type Description
rectangle Rectangle The rectangle to view.
result Cartesian3 optional The camera position needed to view the rectangle
Returns:
The camera position needed to view the rectangle
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1960

look(axis, angle)

Rotate each of the camera's orientation vectors around axis by angle
Name Type Description
axis Cartesian3 The axis to rotate around.
angle Number optional The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultLookAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1272

lookAt(target, offset, eye, target, up)

Sets the camera position and orientation using a target and offset. The target must be given in world coordinates. The offset can be either a cartesian or heading/pitch/range in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target. If the offset is a cartesian, then it is an offset from the center of the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix. If the offset is heading/pitch/range, then the heading and the pitch angles are defined in the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix. The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch angles are above the plane. Negative pitch angles are below the plane. The range is the distance from the center. In 2D, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the target looking down. The height above the target will be the magnitude of the offset. The heading will be determined from the offset. If the heading cannot be determined from the offset, the heading will be north.
Name Type Description
target Cartesian3 The target position in world coordinates.
offset Cartesian3 | HeadingPitchRange The offset from the target in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target. The deprecated parameters sets the camera position and orientation with an eye position, target, and up vector.
eye Cartesian3 The position of the camera. This parameter is deprecated.
target Cartesian3 The position to look at. This parameter is deprecated.
up Cartesian3 The up vector. This parameter is deprecated.
Throws:
Example:
// 1. Using a cartesian offset
var center = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-98.0, 40.0);
viewer.camera.lookAt(center, new Cesium.Cartesian3(0.0, -4790000.0, 3930000.0));

// 2. Using a HeadingPitchRange offset
var center = Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-72.0, 40.0);
var heading = Cesium.Math.toRadians(50.0);
var pitch = Cesium.Math.toRadians(-20.0);
var range = 5000.0;
viewer.camera.lookAt(center, new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(heading, pitch, range));
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1588

lookAtTransform(transform, offset)

Sets the camera position and orientation using a target and transformation matrix. The offset can be either a cartesian or heading/pitch/range. If the offset is a cartesian, then it is an offset from the center of the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix. If the offset is heading/pitch/range, then the heading and the pitch angles are defined in the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix. The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch angles are above the plane. Negative pitch angles are below the plane. The range is the distance from the center. In 2D, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the center of the reference frame. The height above the target will be the magnitude of the offset. The heading will be determined from the offset. If the heading cannot be determined from the offset, the heading will be north.
Name Type Description
transform Matrix4 The transformation matrix defining the reference frame.
offset Cartesian3 | HeadingPitchRange The offset from the target in a reference frame centered at the target.
Throws:
Example:
// 1. Using a cartesian offset
var transform = Cesium.Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-98.0, 40.0));
viewer.camera.lookAtTransform(transform, new Cesium.Cartesian3(0.0, -4790000.0, 3930000.0));

// 2. Using a HeadingPitchRange offset
var transform = Cesium.Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-72.0, 40.0));
var heading = Cesium.Math.toRadians(50.0);
var pitch = Cesium.Math.toRadians(-20.0);
var range = 5000.0;
viewer.camera.lookAtTransform(transform, new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(heading, pitch, range));
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1704

lookDown(amount)

Rotates the camera around its right vector by amount, in radians, in the opposite direction of its up vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultLookAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1254

lookLeft(amount)

Rotates the camera around its up vector by amount, in radians, in the opposite direction of its right vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultLookAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1215

lookRight(amount)

Rotates the camera around its up vector by amount, in radians, in the direction of its right vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultLookAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1228

lookUp(amount)

Rotates the camera around its right vector by amount, in radians, in the direction of its up vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultLookAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1241

move(direction, amount)

Translates the camera's position by amount along direction.
Name Type Description
direction Cartesian3 The direction to move.
amount Number optional The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to defaultMoveAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1116

moveBackward(amount)

Translates the camera's position by amount along the opposite direction of the camera's view vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to defaultMoveAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1152

moveDown(amount)

Translates the camera's position by amount along the opposite direction of the camera's up vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to defaultMoveAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1177

moveForward(amount)

Translates the camera's position by amount along the camera's view vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to defaultMoveAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1139

moveLeft(amount)

Translates the camera's position by amount along the opposite direction of the camera's right vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to defaultMoveAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1202

moveRight(amount)

Translates the camera's position by amount along the camera's right vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to defaultMoveAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1189

moveUp(amount)

Translates the camera's position by amount along the camera's up vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to defaultMoveAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1164

pickEllipsoid(windowPosition, ellipsoid, result) → Cartesian3

Pick an ellipsoid or map.
Name Type Default Description
windowPosition Cartesian2 The x and y coordinates of a pixel.
ellipsoid Ellipsoid Ellipsoid.WGS84 optional The ellipsoid to pick.
result Cartesian3 optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
If the ellipsoid or map was picked, returns the point on the surface of the ellipsoid or map in world coordinates. If the ellipsoid or map was not picked, returns undefined.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2054

rotate(axis, angle)

Rotates the camera around axis by angle. The distance of the camera's position to the center of the camera's reference frame remains the same.
Name Type Description
axis Cartesian3 The axis to rotate around given in world coordinates.
angle Number optional The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultRotateAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1330

rotateDown(angle)

Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle downwards.
Name Type Description
angle Number optional The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultRotateAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1355

rotateLeft(angle)

Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle to the left.
Name Type Description
angle Number optional The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultRotateAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1429

rotateRight(angle)

Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle to the right.
Name Type Description
angle Number optional The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultRotateAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1416

rotateUp(angle)

Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle upwards.
Name Type Description
angle Number optional The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultRotateAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1368

setPositionCartographic(cartographic)

Moves the camera to the provided cartographic position.
Name Type Description
cartographic Cartographic The new camera position.
Deprecated: true
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1533

setTransform(transform)

Sets the camera's transform without changing the current view.
Name Type Description
transform Matrix4 The camera transform.
Deprecated: true
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 832

setView()

Sets the camera position and orientation with heading, pitch and roll angles. The position can be given as either a cartesian or a cartographic. If both are given, then the cartesian will be used. If neither is given, then the current camera position will be used.
Name Type Description
options.position Cartesian3 optional The cartesian position of the camera.
options.positionCartographic Cartographic optional The cartographic position of the camera.
options.heading Number optional The heading in radians or the current heading will be used if undefined.
options.pitch Number optional The pitch in radians or the current pitch will be used if undefined.
options.roll Number optional The roll in radians or the current roll will be used if undefined.
Example:
// 1. Set view with heading, pitch and roll
camera.setView({
    position : cartesianPosition,
    heading : Cesium.Math.toRadians(90.0), // east, default value is 0.0 (north)
    pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-90),    // default value (looking down)
    roll : 0.0                             // default value
});

// 2. Set default top-down view with a cartographic position
camera.setView({
    positionCartographic : cartographic
});

// 3. Change heading, pitch and roll with the camera position remaining the same.
camera.setView({
    heading : Cesium.Math.toRadians(90.0), // east, default value is 0.0 (north)
    pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-90),    // default value (looking down)
    roll : 0.0                             // default value
});
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 898

twistLeft(amount)

Rotate the camera counter-clockwise around its direction vector by amount, in radians.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultLookAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1299

twistRight(amount)

Rotate the camera clockwise around its direction vector by amount, in radians.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to defaultLookAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1311

viewBoundingSphere(boundingSphere, offset)

Sets the camera so that the current view contains the provided bounding sphere.

The offset is heading/pitch/range in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the center of the bounding sphere. The heading and the pitch angles are defined in the local east-north-up reference frame. The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch angles are above the plane. Negative pitch angles are below the plane. The range is the distance from the center. If the range is zero, a range will be computed such that the whole bounding sphere is visible.

In 2D, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the target looking down. The height above the target will be the range. The heading will be determined from the offset. If the heading cannot be determined from the offset, the heading will be north.

Name Type Description
boundingSphere BoundingSphere The bounding sphere to view, in world coordinates.
offset HeadingPitchRange optional The offset from the target in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target.
Throws:
  • DeveloperError : viewBoundingSphere is not supported while morphing.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2518

viewRectangle(rectangle, ellipsoid)

View an rectangle on an ellipsoid or map.
Name Type Default Description
rectangle Rectangle The rectangle to view.
ellipsoid Ellipsoid Ellipsoid.WGS84 optional The ellipsoid to view.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1984

worldToCameraCoordinates(cartesian, result) → Cartesian4

Transform a vector or point from world coordinates to the camera's reference frame.
Name Type Description
cartesian Cartesian4 The vector or point to transform.
result Cartesian4 optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
The transformed vector or point.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 965

worldToCameraCoordinatesPoint(cartesian, result) → Cartesian3

Transform a point from world coordinates to the camera's reference frame.
Name Type Description
cartesian Cartesian3 The point to transform.
result Cartesian3 optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
The transformed point.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 986

worldToCameraCoordinatesVector(cartesian, result) → Cartesian3

Transform a vector from world coordinates to the camera's reference frame.
Name Type Description
cartesian Cartesian3 The vector to transform.
result Cartesian3 optional The object onto which to store the result.
Returns:
The transformed vector.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1007

zoomIn(amount)

Zooms amount along the camera's view vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount to move. Defaults to defaultZoomAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1484

zoomOut(amount)

Zooms amount along the opposite direction of the camera's view vector.
Name Type Description
amount Number optional The amount to move. Defaults to defaultZoomAmount.
See:
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 1501

Type Definitions

FlightCancelledCallback()

A function that will execute when a flight is cancelled.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2630

FlightCompleteCallback()

A function that will execute when a flight completes.
Source: Scene/Camera.js, line 2625